SFI | Solar Flux Index
太阳通量指数 | DRAO Penticton no longer available, using NOAA data. Intensity of solar radiation measured at 2800MHz (10.7cm). Good indication of the F layer ionization (layer that gives us most of our DX on HF). The higher the number, the greater the level of ionization is, and the higher the frequency. Measured once daily. Note that NOAA recorded SFI for the day is the 2nd (or middle) of the DRAO readings. SFI does correlate to 304A (see graph below). |
太阳辐射指数(SFI)是一种衡量太阳在10.7厘米(2800兆赫)处的无线电辐射的指标,很好地说明了 F 层电离情况(该层为我们提供了大部分高频 DX)。它反映了太阳活动的强度。SFI越高,太阳辐射越强,无线电通信的传播条件越好。SFI由世界各地的几个天文台测量和报告,是太阳活动最长的记录之一。
SFI的范围可以从50到300,但通常在60到250之间变化。SFI受到太阳表面上太阳黑子的数量和大小的影响,太阳黑子是太阳表面强烈的磁场活动区域。太阳黑子遵循一个11年的活动增减周期,称为太阳周期。当前的太阳周期(第25周期)于2019年12月开始,预计将在2025年左右达到峰值。
SFI影响地球大气层上层的电离程度,进而影响无线电波的传播。SFI越高,无线电通信的最高可用频率(MUF)越高。
SFI 与 304A 相关。 |
SN | Sunspot Number
太阳黑子数 | Sunspot Number provided by NOAA is a reported value from 0 to 250. It is computed using a formula [R=k (10g+s)] by Rudolph Wolf in 1848, where R is the sunspot number; g is the number of sunspot groups on the solar disk; s is the total number of individual spots in all the groups; and k is a variable scaling factor (usually less than 1) that accounts for observing conditions and the type of observing device. NOAA SN does loosely correlate to SFI. Updated once daily. |
NOAA 提供的太阳黑子数是一个从 0 到 250 的报告值。它是根据鲁道夫-沃尔夫(Rudolph Wolf)在 1848 年提出的公式[R=k (10g+s)]计算出来的,其中 R 是太阳黑子数;g 是太阳圆盘上太阳黑子群的数量;s 是所有太阳黑子群中单个黑子的总数;k 是一个可变的比例因子(通常小于 1),它与观测条件和观测设备的类型有关。NOAA SN 与 SFI 有松散的相关性。每天更新一次。 |
SNeX | NWRA Effective Smoothed Sunspot Number
NWRA 有效平滑太阳黑子数 | Three measurements are available for this parameter calculated by NorthWest Research Associates, Inc. The NWRA values (used with permission) are available for Global (SNeG), Northern Hemisphere (SNeN) and Southern Hemisphere (SNeS) and are calculated using foF2 data from NOAA/NCEI. In addition, the color of the label (SNeX) determines the validity of the data (last f0f2 observations from NOAA). Green SNeX = no more than 1 hour ago. Yellow SNeX = no more than 4 hours ago. Orange SNeX = no more than 12 hours ago. Red SNeX = more than 12 hours ago. They are updated once every hour. See NWRA site for a in depth background on the SSNe parameter. |
该参数由 NorthWest Research Associates, Inc. 计算得出,可提供三种测量值。NWRA 值(经许可使用)可用于全球 (SNeG)、北半球 (SNeN) 和南半球 (SNeS),并使用 NOAA 的 foF2 数据计算/NCEI。此外,标签的颜色 (SNeX) 决定了数据的有效性(来自 NOAA 的最新 f0f2 观测值)。绿色 SNeX = 不超过 1 小时前。黄色 SNeX = 不超过 4 小时前。橙色 SNeX = 不超过 12 小时前。红色 SNeX = 超过 12 小时前。它们每小时更新一次。有关 SSNe 参数的深入背景信息,请参阅 NWRA 网站。
NWRA Effective Smoothed Sunspot Number(NWRA有效平滑太阳黑子数)是一种衡量太阳活动的指标,它是由美国西北研究协会(NWRA)根据全球电离层观测数据计算得到的。它的定义是,NWRA有效平滑太阳黑子数是那个能够使模型生成的foF2值(电离层F2层的最高频率)与一组foF2观测值之间的平均误差为零的太阳黑子数1。
NWRA有效平滑太阳黑子数的计算方法是,根据不同地区和时间的foF2观测数据,调整输入到foF2模型中的太阳黑子数,直到达到最佳拟合的标准。拟合的标准是,foF2观测值和模型值之间的均方根百分比差异(RMS%)最小。计算出的太阳黑子数就是NWRA有效平滑太阳黑子数1。
NWRA有效平滑太阳黑子数是一种反映太阳活动对电离层影响的指标,它可以用来研究太阳周期、太阳耀斑、日冕物质抛射、太阳风等现象,以及它们对无线电通信的影响。 |
A | Planetary A Index
行星A指数 | NOAA reported value from 0 to 400. Provides a daily average level for geomagnetic activity. Uses the average of eight 3 hour K-Index values (magnetic value measured in nanotesla or nT) to provide the level of instability in the earth’s geomagnetic field. When used with K-Index: Both high indicates geomagnetic field is unstable, and HF signals are prone to sudden fades, and some paths may close while others open up abruptly and with little warning. High K index/Low A indicates a sudden, abrupt disturbance in the geomagnetic field, which can cause an intense but brief disruption in HF propagation, but can cause an auroral event. Updated once daily. |
NOAA 报告的数值从 0 到 400。提供地磁活动的日平均水平。使用 8 个 3 小时 K-Index 值(以纳特斯拉或 nT 为单位测量的磁值)的平均值来提供地球地磁场的不稳定程度。与 K-Index 一起使用时: 两者都高表示地磁场不稳定,高频信号容易突然减弱,一些路径可能会关闭,而另一些则会突然打开,且几乎没有预警。K 指数高或A 指数低表示地磁场突然发生扰动,可能导致高频传播强烈但短暂的中断,但也可能导致极光事件。每天更新一次。 |
K | Planetary K Index
行星 K 指数 | NOAA reported value from 0 to 9. Measures disturbances in the horizontal component of earth's magnetic field. Value in nT is measured using a magnetometer during a three-hour interval, and then converted to a factor. Use with A-Index – sees above to determine HF conditions. Updated eight times daily. |
NOAA 报告的值从 0 到 9。测量地球磁场水平分量的干扰。以 nT 为单位的值是使用磁力计在三小时间隔内测量的,然后转换为系数。与 A-Index 一起使用 – 参见上文以确定 HF 条件。每天更新八次。 |
X-Ray or XRY | Hard X-Rays
硬X射线 | NOAA reported value from A0.0 to X9.9. Intensity of hard x-rays hitting the earth’s ionosphere. Impacts primarily the D-layer (HF absorption). The letter indicates the order of magnitude of the X-rays (A, B, C, M and X), where A is the lowest. The number further defines the level of radiation. Updated eight times daily. |
NOAA 报告的值从 A0.0 到 X9.9。撞击地球电离层的硬 X 射线的强度。主要影响 D 层(高频吸收)。该字母表示 X 射线的数量级(A、B、C、M 和 X),其中 A 最低。该数字进一步定义了辐射水平。每天更新八次。
Hard X-Rays可以增加电离层的电离密度,从而提高无线电波的最高可用频率(MUF),使无线电通信可以实现更远的距离和更高的速率。这对于高频(HF)波段(3-30 MHz)的无线电通信是有利的,因为它们主要依赖于电离层的反射来传播。当SFI和SSN较高时,HF波段的无线电通信可以实现远距离、全球范围的覆盖,但也可能受到太阳耀斑等现象的干扰。
Hard X-Rays可以降低电离层的电离层高度,从而降低无线电波的最低可用频率(LUF),使无线电通信可以避免电离层的吸收或衰减。这对于低频(LF)波段(30-300 kHz)和中频(MF)波段(300-3000 kHz)的无线电通信是有利的,因为它们主要依赖于电离层的折射来传播。当SFI和SSN较高时,LF和MF波段的无线电通信可以实现更稳定的通信质量,但也可能受到地磁风暴等现象的影响。
Hard X-Rays可以改变电离层的不均匀性,从而改变无线电波的传播路径和传播时间,使无线电通信出现多径效应、相位延迟和多普勒频移等现象。这对于超高频(UHF)波段(300-3000 MHz)和微波(SHF)波段(3-30 GHz)的无线电通信是不利的,因为它们主要用于卫星通信和近距离的地面通信,对于无线电波的传播条件要求较高。当SFI和SSN较高时,UHF和SHF波段的无线电通信可能会出现信号衰减、干扰或中断的问题。 |
304A | 304 Angstroms
304 埃 | NOAA reported value from 0 to unknown. Relative strength of total solar radiation at a wavelength of 304 angstroms (or 30.4 nm), emitted primarily by ionized helium in the sun's photosphere. Two measurements are available for this parameter, one measured by the Solar Dynamics Observatory, using the EVE instrument, and the other, using data from the SOHO satellite, using its SEM instrument. Responsible for about half of all the ionization of the F layer in the ionosphere. 304A does correlate to SFI (see graph below). Updated hourly. |
NOAA 报告的值从 0 到未知。波长为 304 埃(或 30.4 nm)的总太阳辐射的相对强度,主要由太阳光球层中的电离氦发射。该参数有两种测量方法,一种是由太阳动力学观测站使用 EVE 仪器测量的,另一种是使用 SOHO 卫星的数据并使用其 SEM 仪器测量的。负责电离层 F 层所有电离的大约一半。 304A 确实与 SFI 相关。每小时更新。 |
Pnt Flx or PF | Proton Flux
质子通量 | NOAA reported value from 0 to unknown. Density of charged protons in the solar wind. The higher the numbers, the more the impact the ionosphere. Primarily impacts the E-Layer of the ionosphere. Updated hourly. |
NOAA 报告的值从 0 到未知。太阳风中带电质子的密度。数字越高,电离层的影响越大。主要影响电离层的 E 层。每小时更新。 |
Elc Flx or EF | Electron Flux
电子通量 | NOAA reported value from 0 to unknown. Density of charged electrons in the solar wind. The higher the numbers (>1000), the more the impact the ionosphere. Primarily impacts the E-Layer of the ionosphere. Updated hourly. |
NOAA 报告的值从 0 到未知。太阳风中带电电子的密度。数字越高(>1000),电离层的影响越大。主要影响电离层的 E 层。每小时更新。 |
Aur | Aurora
极光 | Data is now calculated from the current hemispheric power value (0-150 GW) to give the old reported scaled factor value from 0 to 10++. Indicates how strong the F-Layer ionization is in the polar regions. Higher values cause auroral events (including northern/southern lights) to move to lower latitude. Updated every 15 minutes. |
现在根据当前半球功率值 (0-150 GW) 计算数据,以给出旧报告的从 0 到 10++ 的缩放因子值。指示极地地区 F 层电离的强度。较高的值会导致极光事件(包括北极光/南极光)移动到较低的纬度。每 15 分钟更新一次。 |
n | Normalization
正常化 | Always 1.99 now that Aur is calculated. Will be removed on the next major banner update. |
现在计算出 Aur 后始终为 1.99。将在下一次主要横幅更新时删除。 |
Bz | Bz Component
Bz成分 | ACE Satellite reported value from +50 to -50. Strength and direction of the interplanetary magnetic field as impacted by solar activity. Positive is same direction as the earth's magnetic field, and negative is the opposite magnetic polarity. Cancels out earth’s magnetic field when negative, which increases the impact of solar particles in the ionosphere. Updated hourly. |
ACE 卫星报告值从 +50 到 -50。受太阳活动影响的行星际磁场的强度和方向。正极与地球磁场方向相同,负极与地球磁场极性相反。当地球磁场为负时,抵消地球磁场,从而增加太阳粒子对电离层的影响。每小时更新。 |
SW | Solar Wind
太阳风 | ACE Satellite reported value from 0 to 1000. Speed (kilometers per second) of the charged particles as they pass earth. The higher the speed, the greater the pressure is exerted on the ionosphere. Values greater than 500 km/sec have impact on HF communications. Updated hourly. |
ACE 卫星报告的值从 0 到 1000。带电粒子经过地球时的速度(公里每秒)。速度越高,电离层受到的压力就越大。大于 500 公里/秒的值会对高频通信产生影响。每小时更新。 |
Aur Lat | Aurora Latitude
极光纬度 | Calculated value from 67.5 to <45.0. Calculation from NOAA utilizes the current Aurora measurement. Used to estimate the lowest latitude impacted by the auroral event. Updated every 15 minutes. |
计算值从 67.5 到 <45.0。 NOAA 的计算利用了当前的极光测量值。用于估计受极光事件影响的最低纬度。每 15 分钟更新一次。 |
Aur | Aurora
极光 | DX-Robot reported event (used with permission). Reports Band Closed for No/Low Auroral activity, High LAT AUR for Auroral activity >60°N, or MID LAT AUR for Auroral activity from 60° to 30°N. Updated every ½ hour. |
DX-Robot 报告事件(经许可使用)。极光活动无/低时报告带关闭,极光活动 >60°N 时报告带高 LAT AUR,或 60° 至 30°N 的极光活动报告带中 LAT AUR。每 ½ 小时更新一次。 |
EsEU | Sporadic E Europe
零星东欧 | DX-Robot reported event (used with permission). Reports Band Closed, High MUF when 2M only is open, or 50/70/144MHz ES when the respective band is reported open. Updated every ½ hour. |
DX-Robot 报告事件(经许可使用)。当仅 2M 开放时报告频段关闭、高 MUF,或当报告相应频段开放时报告 50/70/144MHz ES。每 ½ 小时更新一次。 |
EsNA | Sporadic E North America
北美零星分布 | DX-Robot reported event (used with permission). Reports Band Closed, High MUF when conditions support Es, and 144MHz ES when the band is reported open. Updated every ½ hour. |
DX-Robot 报告事件(经许可使用)。当条件支持 Es 时,报告频段关闭、高 MUF;当报告频段开放时,报告频段为 144MHz ES。每 ½ 小时更新一次。 |
EME Deg | Earth-Moon-Earth Degradation
地球-月球-地球退化 | Make More Miles reported value (used with permission). Reports EME path attenuation as Very Poor (>5.5dB), Poor (4dB), Moderate (2.5dB), Good (1.5dB), Very Good (1dB), Excellent (<1dB). Updated every ½ hour. |
Make More Miles 报告值(经许可使用)。将 EME 路径衰减报告为极差(>5.5dB)、差(4dB)、中等(2.5dB)、好(1.5dB)、很好(1dB)、优(<1dB)。每半小时更新一次。 |
Solar Flare Prob | Solar Flare Probability
太阳耀斑概率 | University of Bradford predicted value (used with permission). Reports the probability (in %) of a solar flare within the next 24 hours (0-100%). Updated every hour. |
布拉德福德大学预测值(经许可使用)。报告未来 24 小时内发生太阳耀斑的概率(以 % 为单位)(0-100%)。每小时更新一次。 |
MUF | Maximum Usable Frequency
最大可用频率 | Make More Miles reported value (used with permission). Provides the Maximum Usable Frequency in a colored bar. Gray indicates No Sporadic E (ES) activity , blue indicates ES reported @ 6M, green indicates ES reported @ 4M, yellow indicates conditions support 2M ES, and red indicates reported @ 2M. Updated every ½ hour. |
Make More Miles 报告值(经授权使用)。用彩色条显示最大可用频率。灰色表示无零星 E (ES) 活动,蓝色表示报告的 ES @ 6M,绿色表示报告的 ES @ 4M,黄色表示条件支持 2M ES,红色表示报告的 ES @ 2M。每 ½ 小时更新一次。 |
MS | Meteor Scatter Activity Bar
流星散射活动栏 | Make More Miles reported value (used with permission). Provides the Meteor Scatter activity in a colored bar. Gray indicates no activity. See the color coded graph at the bottom of the bar for activity level. Updated every 1/4 hour. |
Make More Miles 报告值(经授权使用)。以彩色条显示流星散射活动。灰色表示没有活动。请参阅条形图底部的彩色编码图,了解活动程度。每 1/4 小时更新一次。 |
GeoMag Fld | Geomagnetic Field
地磁场 | Calculated value. Indicates how quiet or active the earth's magnetic field is based on the K-Index value. Reports as Inactive, Very Quite, Quiet, Unsettled, Active, Minor Storm, Major Storm, Severe Storm, or Extreme Storm. Higher indications can cause HF blackouts and auroral events. Updated every three hours. |
计算值。根据 K 指数值显示地球磁场的安静或活跃程度。报告为不活跃、非常平静、安静、不稳定、活跃、小风暴、大风暴、严重风暴或极端风暴。较高的指数会导致高频停电和极光事件。每三小时更新一次。 |
Sig Noise Lvl | Signal Noise Level
信号噪声水平 | Calculated value. Indicates how much noise (in S-units) is being generated by interaction between the solar wind and the geomagnetic activity. A more active and disturbed solar wind, the greater the noise. Updated every ½ hour. |
计算值。表示太阳风和地磁活动之间的相互作用产生了多少噪声(以 S 单位表示)。太阳风越活跃,干扰越大,噪声就越大。每 ½ 小时更新一次。 |
MUF | Maximum Usable Frequency
最大可用频率 | NOAA reported value from 0 to 100MHz. Provides the maximum usable frequency in MHz at one of 11 locations worldwide. Updated every 15 minutes. |
NOAA 报告的值范围为 0 至 100MHz。提供全球 11 个地点之一的最大可用频率(以 MHz 为单位)。每 15 分钟更新一次。 |
CME | Coronal Mass Ejection
日冕物质抛射 | NOAA/SWPC predicted date and time (in UTC). Provides the date and time of a predicted earth bound CME event. Color coded for severity, where green is minor, yellow is moderate, and red is severe. Updated when predictions are received from NOAA/SWPC. |
NOAA/SWPC 预测日期和时间(UTC)。提供预测的地球束缚 CME 事件的日期和时间。根据严重程度进行颜色编码,绿色为轻微,黄色为中等,红色为严重。在收到 NOAA/SWPC 的预测时更新。 |